Explanation of Big Bang Theory | Formation of Universe

 

The most commonly accepted scientific hypothesis to explain how the universe came to be is the Big Bang theory. It suggests that the cosmos first existed as a singularity, or a single point of infinite density and temperature, roughly 13.8 billion years ago.

Fundamental particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons were formed as the cosmos expanded and cooled down at the time of the Big Bang. These particles started to combine to create atoms as the universe continued to expand and cool, which in turn resulted in the creation of stars and galaxies.

Several pieces of empirical evidence, such as the cosmic microwave background radiation, a hazy remnant of the Big Bang, and the abundance of light elements like hydrogen and helium in the cosmos, lend credence to the Big Bang idea.

The Big Bang hypothesis does have certain drawbacks and unanswered problems, though. The nature of dark matter and dark energy, which are considered to account for the bulk of the universe's mass and energy, is not explained, for instance. Yet, it continues to be the most well-known and extensively researched theory of the universe's beginnings.

Steps Involved in Big Bang theory

The Big Bang hypothesis explains how the universe has changed over time, from the very beginning to the present. The theory's main steps are as follows:

 

• Cosmic Inflation: In accordance with the Big Bang hypothesis, the universe experienced a brief period of rapid expansion known as cosmic inflation, which took place in the instantaneous moments after the Big Bang. A fictitious field called the inflation field caused this growth.

• Formation of subatomic particles: Subatomic particle formation became feasible as the cosmos continued to expand and cool, giving rise to protons, neutrons, and electrons, among other subatomic particles. At some point, these particles came together to become atoms.
• Formation of Galaxies and Large-Scale Structure: The gravitational interaction between matters led to the formation of galaxies and other massive structures.

• Cosmic microwave background radiation :Approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe had cooled down enough for electrons and protons to unite and create neutral atoms, which is when the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation was first detected. For the first time, photons were able to move freely thanks to this process, known as recombination. The cosmic microwave background radiation, which is still observable today, is the radiation that is a remnant of this period.
• Dark Matter and Dark Energy: More matter exists in the cosmos than can be explained by visible matter alone, according to observations of the motion of galaxies and other objects. This extra material, known as dark matter, is thought to be extremely important to the structure and evolution of the universe. Furthermore, evidence from measurements of far-off supernovae shows that the universe is expanding faster than previously thought. This supports the presence of dark energy, an unidentified type of energy. 

• Evolution of Universe: The cosmos has evolved over billions of years as a result of galaxies merging and stars forming and perishing. The cosmos is continuously growing and changing today, and scientists are still investigating the universe's beginnings and development using a range of methods and technologies.